Identification, characterization and properties of apatites. Although some thermodynamic models for apatite have been developed e. Speaking of possibilitiesheres the game changer in harnessing the full potential of apatite. Thermodynamic data for platinum group os, ir, ru, rh, pd and pt minerals are very limited. It comes in both massive and crystalline form, with colors ranging from green, yellow, blue and rarely purple. Combined thermodynamic data for hydroxyltopaz oht, fluortopaz ft from barton et al. These colors are often so vivid that apatite has frequently been cut as a gemstone. Apatite gems and gemology, gem localities, photos and data. Table 1 gathers the available thermodynamic data corresponding to the formation energetics of m 10 po 4 6 x 2 apatite compounds at t 298 k and 1 bar. There is a critical need for apatitemelt partitioning experiments.
Blue apatite is a motivational stone, promoting independence and ambitiousness. A comparison of the calculated results with the flotation behavior of apatite shows that the thermodynamic results agree well with the experimental data. Most of the literature data on apatite basalt partitioning are for ohrich systems, which may not be relevant for lunar magmas. The apatite group of minerals hold considerable promise for metal stabilization, e. Several experimental studies have investigated the apatitemelt. It exhibits primary continuous solid solution through substitution of f, cl, and oh in the z site. The present study is focused on the calculation of the gibbs free energy of formation d f g for.
Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances. In our initial studies of apatite thermodynamics, the goal has been to investigate behavior of the main anion substitutions in capo 4 3 z apatite, namely f, cl, and oh, noting that fluorapatite. Consequently, biological apatite has a wide application in dentistry and orthopedics by using as dental fillers and bone substitutes for bone. Pdf thermodynamic basis for evolution of apatite in.
Apatite, a 5 xo 4 3 z, is a common mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks with ca in the a site and p in the x site hughes and rakovan 2002. Unfortunately, dissolution mechanism, solubility product and thermodynamic data of cdhap in water under. Consequently, biological apatite has a wide application in dentistry and orthopedics by using as dental fillers and bone substitutes for bone reconstruction and. These 61 thermodynamic data may prove helpful in other domains relating, for example, to apatitebased. Transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate to bonelike. Value of the data a detailed dataset on thermodynamic and thermoelastic properties of zinc sulphide polymorphs zincblende and rocksalt zns and of typea carbonated apatite ca 10 po 4 6 co 3 represents a foundation for future fundamental and applied studies on these mineral phases both theoretical and experimental researchers could employ this dataset as a.
Apatite is a member of a group of structurally related minerals having compositions symbolized a 5 bo 4 3 x, in which a is a metal, commonly calcium or lead. Hydroxyapatite, also known as hydroxylapatite, is the major component of tooth enamel and bone mineral. The accuracy of the model at room temperature and atmospheric pressure was checked against crystal structural data, yielding maximum deviations. These 61 thermodynamic data may prove helpful in other domains relating, for example, to apatite based. The group has its name after the generic name apatite first introduced by the german mineralogist abraham gottlob werner in 1786 gerards 1786.
Apatite is best known for its use as an index mineral with a hardness of 5 in the mohs hardness scale. Electrolytic onepot synthesis of group ii nanohydroxyapatites. Read more about apatite healing properties information and view the photo galleries further below. Apatite sensu lato is often used commonly as the generic name for the members of the group which have not been differentiated into specific species through. Hall, 63 attuned to the third eye, it also improves concentration and memory skills, and is a good crystal for study purposes. Made from a common group of minerals containing a calcium phosphate base, apatite reminds us that truly knowing oneself is the key to opening up the doors of the universe, a place where anything is possible. This vignette, produced on 20200316, documents the sources of thermodynamic data in chnosz version 1. Pdf thermodynamic and thermophysic investigation of. Thermodynamic basis for evolution of apatite in calcified tissues. The present study is focused on the calculation of the. Standard thermodynamic properties of chemical substances continued molecular. Apatite ca 5 po 4 3 f,oh forms a large family of minerals due to many isomorphous substitutions, which play a very important role in numerous industrial, medical, and environmental processes. Read thermodynamic modeling of ree partitioning between monazite, fluorite, and apatite, doklady earth sciences on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Named in 1788 from the greek apatao i am misleading.
Molecular dynamics study of the thermodynamic properties of. Fungi play important roles in biogeochemical processes such as organic matter decomposition, bioweathering of minerals and rocks, and metal transformations and therefore influence elemental cycles for essential and potentially toxic elements, e. Either found in nature bones and teeth 1, rocks and sediments. Thermodynamic and thermoelastic data of georesources raw. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as ca 10 po 4 6 oh,f,cl 2, and the crystal unit cell formulae of the individual minerals are written as ca 10 po. The solubility and thermodynamic properties of struvite at different temperatures was studied. All of these data, except for optional data, are used in the default database, which is loaded when the package is attached, or by running reset. A thermochemical study of natural apophyllitegroup minerals, fluorapophyllitek kca4si8o20f. A thermodynamic model for apatite solid solutions, applicable to hightemperature geologic problems article pdf available in american mineralogist 747. Biological apatite is an inorganic calcium phosphate salt in apatite form and nano size with a biological derivation. This group includes several important and colorful minerals such as apatite from where this group gets its name, mimetite, pyromorphite and vanadinite.
Journal of chemistry hindawi publishing corporation. The accuracy of the model at room temperature and atmospheric pressure was checked against crystal structural data. Table 1 gathers the available thermodynamic data corresponding to the formation energetics of m10po46x2 apatite compounds at t 298 k and 1 bar. The tables in the second section contain values for the hightemperature thermodynamic properties, ht hns. Oct 09, 2018 a corollary to our hypothesis is the possible explanation it provides for the evolutionary origins of the nanostructure of bone where calcium phosphates seem to be the best choice as the inorganic phase, owing to their thermodynamic property of transforming into apatite nanoplatelets from an easily available and transportable amorphous phase. Apatite may be heat treated to bring out a better blue color and to remove silk. Characterization, dissolution and solubility of the.
All of these data, except for optional data, are used in the default database, which is loaded when the package is attached, or by running reset the sections below correspond to csv data files that are stored in the extdataobigt package directory and. Apatite is now a group name for a series of related minerals. Structural and thermodynamic properties of crystalline monoclinic calcium apatites, ca10po46x2 x oh, cl, were investigated for the first time using a molecular dynamics md technique under a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions. Thermodynamic parameters assessed for the puo 2 zro 2 pseudobinary system gave a phase diagram with a feature very similar to those for ceo 2 zro 2 and uo 2 zro 2 systems. Arsenic is a potentially toxic metalloid for most organisms and naturally occurs in trace quantities in soil. A comprehensive guide to experimental and predicted thermodynamic properties of phosphate apatite minerals in view of applicative purposes. Thermodynamic parameters including the gibbs free energy dg, enthalpy dh, and entropy ds have revealed that the adsorption of dy28 on the apatitic tricalcium phosphate is feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. A novel technique for fluorapatite synthesis and the. It is derived from the greek apatao, to deceive, in allusion to apatite often being confused with other minerals e. The journal of chemical thermodynamics 2015, 81, 143159.
Within each group for example the oxides the listing is by alphabetical order of the chemical symbol of the principal cation. If apatite is to be utilized as a petrogenetic indicator, it is essential that this chemically complex system be characterized thermodynamically. Gibbs free energy of formation for selected platinum group. Molecular dynamics study of the thermodynamic properties. Until now, no experiment on the dissolution mechanism, solubility product and other thermodynamic data of the pb x ca 1. The present study of foh apatite solid solutions makes an essential contribution to such characterization, adding to previous data for the fcl apatite binary hovis and harlov 2010. A comprehensive guide to experimental and predicted. It is also the main inorganic component of biological hard tissues such as bones and teeth of vertebrates. Apatite mineralogy, geochemistry and crystal structure the apatite supergroup 30 constitutes a large group of named minerals made possible by.
Apatite minerals are the raw materials to produce phosphatic fertilizers and usually contain many harmful minor elements. Adsorptiondesorption of direct yellow 28 on apatitic. Apatite is the name for a group of minerals with the general formula a 5 to 4 3 z gaines et al. It is usually green in color, but can be yellow, brown, blue, purple, pink, or colorless. Thermodynamic study on the flotation behavior mechanism of. Some violet apatite turns green on exposure to radium przibram and caffyn, 1956 and violet apatite which has lost its color from heating perhaps to 500c is turned partly green and partly violet. Further work, however, remains on the thermodynamic characterization of solid solutions in this complex system. The first data on the enthalpies of formation from. The data are arranged in order of their conventional min eralogical groups.
Table 1 gathers the available thermodynamic data corresponding to the formation energetics of m10. Characterization, dissolution and solubility of synthetic. The thermodynamic properties of topaz solid solutions and. It can further contain various trace elements, in the a site, making it of particular use in petrologic trace element studies and in materials design. T is usually p, but as and v do form other minerals that crystallize with the same hexagonal or. Pdf a thermodynamic model for apatite solid solutions. According to previous investigators, including hendricks, jefferson, and mosley 8, these f positions can also be occupied by the much larger co3 groups. Research article kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the phosphate adsorption removal by dolomite mineral xiaoliyuan,wentangxia,juanan,jianguoyin,xuejiaozhou,andwenqiangyang school of metallurgy and material engineering, chongqing university of science and technology, chongqing, china correspondence should be addressed to wentang xia. Thermal expansion of fcl apatite crystalline solutions. A group in the apatite supergroup which includes hexagonal and pseudohexagonal phosphates, arsenates and vanadates containing the same speciesdefining cation at both the m1 and m2 sites pasero et al 2010.
Apatite is brittle, so roughing in should be done with care. Value of the data a detailed dataset on thermodynamic and thermoelastic properties of zinc sulphide polymorphs zincblende and rocksalt zns and of typea carbonated apatite ca 10 po 4 6 co 3 represents a foundation for future fundamental and applied studies on these mineral phases both theoretical and experimental researchers could employ this dataset as a valuable reference to. Gienger, 15 a stone of the throat chakra, blue apatite helps with public speaking and enhances group communication. Apatite properties and meaning apatite is a member of the phosphate family. Understanding fundamental properties of the apatite mineral group is of significant interest, therefore, to the fields of geology, biology, medicine, planetary science, and materials science. Similar data have been reported for fish scale of pagrus major 18 and leporinus elongatus 19. To preserve the symmetry of the structure such a group must be on a 3fold axis. The apatite supergroup are broader and includes more minerals than the historically apatite group. The apatite group minerals are a group of phosphates, arsenates and vanadates that have very similar hexagonal or pseudohexagonal monoclinic structures. Replacement of the phosphate end group in aepinteracting with the apatite surface by a phosphonate group was shown in this case to give very similar sizes. Boyce 1, 1nasa johnson space center 2101 nasa parkway mail code xi2 houston, tx 77058 2lunar and planetary institute, 3600 bay area blvd, houston, tx 77058. Geochronological upb data for magmatic and hydrothermal zircon 27 and for hydrothermal hematite in the deposit 28,29 indicate that mineralization and associated alteration is associated with rdg. Use wax or tinlead lap with alumina or cerium oxide.
A relatively rare form of apatite in which most of the oh groups are absent and containing many carbonate and acid phosphate substitutions is a large component of bone material. Apatite is the defining mineral for 5 on the mohs scale. Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of oh. Thermodynamic basis for evolution of apatite in calcified. Unfortunately, the thermodynamic data and dissolution kinetics for cadmium fluorapatite in aqueous solution under different conditions are now deficient, even though its dissolution and following release of cadmium, phosphate, and fluoride ions into water play an important role in cycling of these components. Ironwood drive, suite 314, coeur dalene, id 83814 208 676. Furthermore, no mixing model is available for all of the apatite components in silicate melts or fluids, especially for f and cl components. It is our hope that full thermodynamic characterization of apatite group minerals will lead to the successful use of these minerals as petrogenetic indicators. Fungal bioweathering of mimetite and a general geomycological. The nomenclature of the apatite supergroup was approved by the ima in 2010 pasero et al. Although the thermochemistry of ca apatites is fairly certain, more data are needed on their solid solutions at magmatic temperatures. Research article kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the. The later is not to be confused with the new approved subgroup of the apatite supergroup, also named the apatite group. Thermodynamic basis for evolution of apatite in calci ed tissues s abrina r ollin m artinet 1,2, a lexandra n a vrotsky 3, e ric c hampion 2, d a vid g rossin 1 and c hristophe d rouet 1.
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